What the sources say
The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) published a position paper on complementary feeding in 2017. It says a vegan diet in infancy should only be used under proper medical or dietetic supervision. Parents should understand the serious consequences of not following supplement advice. The NHS also says a baby on a vegan diet needs a wide variety of foods to grow.
Nutrients to watch
The NHS says a poorly planned vegan diet can fall short on calcium, iron, vitamin B12, iodine and selenium. In nature, vitamin B12 comes mainly from animal foods. The American Academy of Pediatrics says children on a vegan diet should take a B12 supplement or eat fortified foods. The omega-3 fats DHA and EPA are absent from a vegan diet. Few foods contain vitamin D naturally.
Iron, zinc and protein
Iron from plants is not as high in quality as iron from animal foods. The American Academy of Pediatrics says vegetarians need about 1.8 times more iron. Vitamin C helps the body absorb plant iron. Eating legumes regularly helps meet protein needs. Soaking or sprouting legumes, grains and seeds helps the body make better use of zinc.
Drinks in the first year
The NHS says soya formula should only be given if a health professional advises it. Unsweetened, calcium-fortified soya, oat or almond drinks can be given from age 1. They are offered as part of a balanced diet. Rice drinks are not given to children under 5.
If you are thinking of raising your baby vegetarian or vegan, talk to your doctor and a dietitian. They decide which supplements to use and how much. Your doctor may order a blood test to check iron and B12 levels if needed.