Where arsenic comes from
Arsenic occurs in nature and can get into food and water. Rice picks up arsenic more easily than other crops as it grows. The FDA says exposure to inorganic arsenic is linked to effects on brain and nerve development. In 2020, the FDA set an action level of 100 ppb for infant rice cereal in the US. The UK also sets maximum levels for rice products, with stricter limits for foods for young children.
No need to drop rice
The NHS and the FDA both say rice can be part of a balanced diet. Iron-fortified rice cereal is a good source of nutrients. But the American Academy of Pediatrics says it should not be the only grain. It does not need to be the first one either. Iron-fortified oat, barley and multigrain cereals can also be first grains.
Cook rice in plenty of water
The FDA says cooking rice like pasta and draining the water can cut inorganic arsenic by 40 to 60 percent. This method uses 6 to 10 parts water to 1 part rice. But in enriched white and parboiled rice it also cuts folate, iron, niacin and thiamin by 50 to 70 percent. Rinsing rice before cooking has little effect on arsenic.
Rice drinks and rice syrup
The NHS says children under 5 should not have rice drinks instead of breast milk, formula or cows' milk. These drinks may contain too much arsenic. If you have already given them, do not worry. The NHS says there is no immediate risk, but it is best to switch to another milk. The American Academy of Pediatrics also advises avoiding brown rice syrup in children's snacks.
If your home uses well water, the FDA advises testing it for arsenic. Ask your doctor if you have questions about which grains to offer your baby.